Who’s in Charge?

Working with :

Child to Parent Violence & Abuse

the most hidden, misunderstood and stigmatized form of family violence

(RCPV Executive Summary, 2015)

The Who’s in Charge? Programme Explained

It is estimated that 3 to 5% of adolescents are seriously abusive to parents, while others suggest even higher incidence. Gallagher 2008

(Gallagher, 2008)

Met Police figures show reports of child-to-parent violent offences grew from 920 in 2012 to 1801 in 2016 – a 95% increase. Offences of GBH (grievous bodily harm) have increased from 20 in 2012 to 125 in 2016.

(Met Police, 2017)

It was hi-lighted that practitioners participating in the study were lacking in knowledge and were under-skilled as they had not received specialized training on child to parent violence & abuse.

(Wilcox & Pooley, 2015)

Eddie Gallagher has recognized that it is not always possible to persuade young people to engage in work, and that much good could be achieved by supporting parents to consider their situation and to regain a personal sense of power and well-being

In 2016 Youth Justice Board recognise WIC? as a piece of emerging effective practice.

Research suggests that support agencies may be unfamiliar with the issue or are not set up to meet the very specific needs of this group of parents and young people.

(Wilcox & Pooley, 2015)

Awareness amongst professionals remains limited with many families describing disbelief and scepticism when they seek support and advice. Behaviour is dismissed as ‘normal’ and just a phase that children are going through. Parents become isolated and the impact on them, their health, work and relationships was described as significant.

(Al Coates, Adoptive Parent & Social Worker)

In 2016, only 40 agencies were identified in a national mapping project – largely through domestic abuse support agencies.

Questions

How are agencies responding to CPVA across the UK?

How prevalent is CPVA?

What is child to parent violence & abuse?

Current guidance states:

Adolescent to parent violence and abuse (APVA) may be referred to as ‘adolescent to parent violence (APV)’ ‘adolescent violence in the home (AVITH)’, ‘parent abuse’, ‘child to parent abuse’, ‘child to parent violence (CPV)’, or ‘battered parent syndrome’.

The cross-Government definition of domestic violence and abuse is: any incident or pattern of incidents of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse between those aged 16 or over who are or have been intimate partners or family members regardless of gender or sexuality. This can encompass, but is not limited to psychological, physical, sexual, financial and emotional abuse. While this definition applies to those aged 16 or above, APVA can equally involve children under 16, and the advice in this document reflects this.

There is currently no legal definition of adolescent to parent violence and abuse. However, it is increasingly recognised as a form of domestic violence and abuse and, depending on the age of the child, it may fall under the government’s official definition of domestic violence and abuse. It is important to recognise that APVA is likely to involve a pattern of behaviour. This can include physical violence from an adolescent towards a parent and a number of different types of abusive behaviours, including damage to property, emotional abuse, and economic/financial abuse. Violence and abuse can occur together or separately. Abusive behaviours can encompass, but are not limited to, humiliating language and threats, belittling a parent, damage to property and stealing from a parent and heightened sexualised behaviours.

Government guidance refers specifically to adolescent to parent violence and not to younger children. Typically parents reflect that the behaviour of their teenager started years earlier. For this reason Who’s in Charge? works with parents of children who are much younger and is therefore an excellent programme for early intervention.

Why are children and adolescents violent & abusive towards their parents?

Who’s in Charge? Programme & Training

Events

What the programme is and explanations

Who’s in Charge? is a 9 week child to parent violence (CPV) programme aimed at parents whose children are being abusive or violent toward them or who appear out of parental control. The structure of the programme consists of 8 two and a half hour sessions with a two-month follow up.

Three Part Structure of the WIC? Group Programme

Part 1

The first part of the programme aims to change parental attitude, and in particular reduce blame, guilt and shame. A variety of exercises are used to deconstruct some of the unhelpful myths that parents have absorbed about their child’s behaviour. We aim to help parents and carers to understand that children’s bad behaviour is multi-causal, and we explore the nature of abuse, styles of parenting, entitlement and power and the social changes that make CPV more likely.

Excerpt – Eddie Gallagher – 2015 (Working with Adolescent Violence and Abuse Towards Parents; approaches and contexts for intervention.)

Part 2

The second part of the programme explores the use of consequences to change unwanted behaviour. This has similarities to the content of mainstream parenting programmes, but there are important differences. Most parenting advice assumes that children are co-operative. However, most parents who attend Who’s in Charge? typically have children who have stopped co-operating, who often appear to care about very little, who may deliberately sabotage parents attempts to apply consequences, and who may escalate their violence when parents implement behavioural control strategies.

In the group we explore the difficulty of identifying consequences that the parent can implement, is willing to control, and the child will care about (at least a little). We do not see the consequences in terms of behaviour modification, but in terms of empowerment of the parent; increasing the child’s respect for the parent, enabling the parent to be more assertive and altering the balance of positives and negatives that the young person experiences from their violent and controlling behaviour.

Excerpt – Eddie Gallagher – 2015 (Working with Adolescent Violence and Abuse Towards Parents; approaches and contexts for intervention.)

Part 3

The third part of the programme supports parents to make changes within the home while working on a few advanced topics; anger; assertiveness; self-care. The order of these topics is important. Until parents have made some attitude changes and become more empowered they are not usually ready to work on these topics. The anger topic is about their anger, as well as dealing with the young person’s anger. However, parents may not be ready to admit to, or work on their own inappropriate behaviour early in the group process.

So, the structure aims to first support and empower, second to encourage practical changes (usually in terms of rules and consequences) and third to reinforce these changes and cover some advanced topics. There is a steady reduction in content during the course of the group – the idea being that the group becomes more positive and helpful and thus discussion increases and facilitator directed exercises reduce.

Excerpt – Eddie Gallagher – 2015 (Working with Adolescent Violence and Abuse Towards Parents; approaches and contexts for intervention.)

Overall aims of Who’s in Charge? Groups

Reduce parent’s feelings of isolation.
Challenge parent’s feelings of guilt.
Lessen deterministic thinking about causes (e.g. “he can’t help it.. he has ADHD” or “… he saw his father be violent”) – it is always multi-causal.
Reinforce belief in possibility of change (without giving false hope or creating complacency).
Clarify boundaries of what is acceptable and unacceptable behaviour (harder than it sounds as there are many grey areas and we need to avoid imposing our own values).
Arm parents with some simple concepts that have proved empowering: e.g. entitlement, the power of being irresponsible, etc.
Examine strategies for creating meaningful and practical consequences for unacceptable behaviour. The approach of most parenting courses and materials is to assume that children are basically co-operative and only need encouragement and positivity to be good. These approaches usually have failed miserably with the oppositional children of the WIC? parents. Finding consequences for children who care about little and don’t want to co-operate is very difficult.
Explore anger, both children’s and (often more usefully) parents’.
Encourage assertiveness.
Encourage self-care.
Reinforce progress and provide emotional support while parents are attempting to become more assertive parents.

Programme Outline

Session 1 Introductions, questionnaires and genograms
Session 2 Cause and influences of abusive behaviour
Session 3 What is abuse?
Session 4 What can I control in my child’s life?
Session 5 Consequences
Session 6 Anger and breaking the myths of anger
Session 7 Assertiveness
Session 8 Self-care, future goal setting and evaluation
Session 9 Two month follow up on goal achievement, evaluation and further goals.

Who’s in Charge? Facilitator Training

The training runs over three days and will cover the following aspects of the WIC? programme.

Going through the whole programme gave me an insight into how it would be perceived as a parent.

Who should attend?

This training is aimed primarily at those intending to facilitate the Who’s in Charge? group programme, although it has practical application to those working working 1:1 and with parents generally. Practitioners who have attended training come from a broad range of agencies, both statutory, voluntary and private sector including: youth offending, domestic abuse agencies, social workers children & young people’s practitioners, psychologists, therapists, third sector agencies, schools, youth workers, parenting practitioners, early help teams, SENCO’s, service managers, mental health workers, school nurses, troubled families, family carers and family group conference co-ordinators.

The whole training was useful as it was new learning on a professional level.

What does the training involve?

Pre-training information

Prior to attendance at the WIC? training participants will be sent a programme rationale with notes. It is expected that participants will have spent two hours minimum reading this document prior to attending the WIC? training.

The 3 day training is largely experiential, based around the exercises and discussions of a Who’s in Charge? group programme. Practitioners will have the opportunity to explore the programme in full, discuss the referral process, and setting up the programme.

Day One

An insight into understanding the context of child to parent violence and experiential journey through programme weeks 1 – 2, beginning with uncovering family patterns and encouraging parents to identify goals for change; what are the causes or influences of child to parent violence and abuse, understanding the difference between entitlement versus responsibility and exploring what influence parents have over their children.

Day Two

Experiential exploration of Weeks 3 – 6 including looking at abuse, parental influence & control and power over their children and equally how do children have influence, power and control over their parents. We move at this point from the therapeutic element of the programme towards the second part, the knowledge base and applying consequences to children who are uncooperative (sometimes in the extreme) and who may not appear to care very much about anything. Focus on the anger held by all family members involved.

Day Three

Weeks 7 – 9 includes supporting parents to be assertive in the face of CPVA and make changes and continuing to restore a positive relationship with their children, supporting practitioners to facilitate the Who’s in Charge? programme with confidence in their own settings and encouraging facilitators to continue the parents journey through future goal setting and programme evaluation and data collection.

Finally on completion

On successful completion of the three-day facilitator training participants will be eligible to run the Who’s in Charge? programme and will have access to a Private Area on the Who’s in Charge? website. Here they can download all the materials needed to run the nine week programme. There are no further license fees, enabling practitioners to run programmes immediately. It is expected that where possible newly trained facilitators take the opportunity to co-facilitate with an experienced WIC? facilitator prior to leading their own group.

To have a programme available for parents who are desperate to make changes and give parents/carers the strategies to make those changes.

Who’s in Charge? Training Testimonials

2018 Testimonials2017 Testimonials2016 Testimonials2015 Testimonials

About the trainers

Carole & Cathy have spent the past 7 years leading and developing the Who’s in Charge? programme and were fore-runners in developing the first UK conference addressing Child to Parent Violence in 2013.

Carole Williams

Cathy Press

In 2005 a survey revealed that 7% of 30,000 calls from parents to Family Lives helpline were about physical aggression from children to their parents.

(Family Lives, 2010)

There are two batteries in a remote control: if one is changed the whole thing still doesn’t work.

Contact Us

Cathy

07966 592632

[email protected]

Carole

07814 378325

[email protected]

Contact Form

Who’s in Charge? 3 Day Facilitator Training	London	18-09-2018	20-09-2018
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Who’s in Charge? 3 Day Facilitator Training	London	Week beg: 23-09-2019	27-09-2019